Friday, June 27, 2008

Alaska

Don't worry, I haven't gotten bored already, I've just been a teensy bit busy. I have been recruited by my father to do some research on Alaska for some movie producer. Specifically around the time it was purchased from Russia. I am to try and find information regarding various native tribes at that time and how this acquisition effected them both as an individual and as a tribe.
This information is a little more obscure than I thought it would, and I haven't been able to find much so far.
The more I read the more I am more interested and bored at the same time. I just end up reading the same information over and over and over and over and over.
And over.

I am going to share with you what a weeks worth of reading has found for me regarding different tribes:

Alaskan Tribes


Ahtena.
Signifying "Ice People"
Also called Copper River Indians

The mouth of Copper River was discovered by Nagaieff in 1781
expeditions into the interior met on the part of the natives that for a long time they were a failure.
The attempts of Samoylof in 1796, Lastóchkin in 1798, Klimoffsky in 1819, and Gregorief in 1844 all ended in the same way. Serebrannikof ventured up the river in 1818, his disregard for the natives cost him his life and the lives of three of his companions.
In 1882 after the cession of Alaska to the States, a trader named Holt ascended as far as Taral but on a subsequent visit he was killed by the natives.
In 1884 Lt. Abercrombie explored a part of the river
In 1885 a thorough exploration of the whole region was made by Lt. Allen, who visited the Ahtena villages on Copper River and on its principal tributaries. From that time on intercourse between the river people and Whites has been increasingly intimate.
Estimated poplutation of 500 Ahtena for the year 1740.
Numbers in 1880 at not more than 300.
The census of 1890 returned 142, and that of 1910, 297.
Population Decline

Aleut.
Meaning "island,"

The Aleut became known to the Russians after the voyages of Chirikoff and Bering in 1741
Discovery of the islands being attributed to Mikhail Nerodchikof, September 1745.
The natives at first resisted the actions of the foreign traders but their darts were no match for firearms, and they were forced into the service of their masters as allies in attacks upon more distant peoples. It is said they were soon reduced to one-tenth of their former numbers.
In 1794-1818 the Russian Government interfered to protect them from exploitation

Estimated population in 1740 were 16,000 Aleut.
Population of 750 in 1834 and the Unalaska population as 1,497.
In 1848 population estimated at 1,400 reduced to 900 as a result of the smallpox epidemic of that year.
The census of 1890 there were 1,702, including 734 mixed-bloods.
The census of 1910 returned 1,451.

-The name of the Aleut from their language is derived the word Alaska, applied to Alaska Territory, and to Alaska Peninsula

Koyukon.
Meaning "people of Koyukuk River."Russian influences began to penetrate the country of the Koyukon after the establishment of the Russian settlement of before any settlements had been made on the Kuskokwim or Yukon.
1838 the Russian settlement on the lower Yukon was made at Nulato,
The post was attacked by neighboring Indians in 1851 and most of the inmates butchered.
American ownership in 1867 the influences of civilization began to increase, and the current was swollen still further by the discovery of gold,

Estimated population was 1,500 Koyukon in the year 1740. In 1890, 940 were returned.
Kutcha-kutchin.
Signifying "those who dwell on the flats,"
Were first brought into contact with Europeans when Alexander Mackenzie met some of them in 1789 during descent of the river which bears his name.
This became more intimate with the establishment of the first Fort Good Hope in 1847.
The discovery of gold in the Klondike region which marked the opening of a new era for these people, one in which the bad for a long time outweighed the good.Estimated population of about 500 of these Indians in 1740.
The Kutcha-kutchin and the Tranjikkutchin may be put together as Kutchin in the census of 1910, which enters 359.
The Hudson's Bay Co.'s census of 1858 gave 842 Kutchin belonging to six tribes as resorting to Fort Yukon.
The Kutchin tribes were noted for their greater energy and more warlike character, as compared with neighboring Athapascans, and for a peculiar three-caste system in their social organization.
Tanaina
Meaning, "people" exclusive of Eskimo and Europeans. Also called Knaiakhotana.
-Cook Inlet received its name from Captain Cook who entered it in May 1778, but all of the natives met by him seem to have been Eskimo.
The Russian settlement of Kodiak in 1784 marked an important event for the history of the region because the Russians, assisted by Aleut hunters, at once began to exploit the animal wealth of the neighboring region, and Cook Inlet was a principal scene of their activities.
Captain Douglas visited the inlet in. 1788.
Russian ownership gave place to ownership by the United States in 1867, but Cook Inlet was exploited relatively little until the railroad line was built from Seward to Fairbanks and skirted the head of the inlet for many miles.
The Tanaina Indians were one of the last groups in Alaska to receive attention from ethnologists.Estimated population of about 1,200 Tanaina in 1740.
In 1818, 1,471 natives were enumerated in Cook Inlet.
In 1825 Baron Wrangell returned 1,299.
1,628 and in 1860 the Holy Synod returned 937.
The census of 1880 returned 614 and that o
The census of 1890, 724.
Estimated 890 in 1900.

Tlingit
Signifying "people,"
Also called Kolusehan, a name given to them as a linguistic family by Powell - According to native tradition, some Tlingit families came into their present territories from the coast farther south while others entered from the interior.
In 1741 Chirikoff and Bering discovered the Tlingit country
They were soon followed by other Russian explorers as well as by explorers and traders from Mexico, England, France, and New England.
Among the noteworthy events of this period was the visit of La Pérouse to Lituya Bay in 1786 and the tragic loss of two of his boats loaded with men in the tide rips at its entrance.
In 1799 the Russians built a fort near the present Sitka.
In 1802 the Sitka Indians rose upon this post, killed part of its inmates, and drove the rest away
2 years later Baranoff drove them from their fort in turn and established on its site a post which grew into the present Sitka, the capital successively of Russian America and Alaska Territory until 1906.
Russian rule was so harsh that there were frequent outbreaks among the natives so long as the territory remained under their control.
In 1836 to 1840 occurred a terrible epidemic of smallpox, brought up from the Columbia River, which swept away hundreds of Indians.
In 1840 the Hudson's Bay Company took a lease from the Russian American Company of all their lands between Cape Splicer and latitude 54° 40' N.
In 1867 the Tlingit were transferred will, the rest of the Alaskan people to the jurisdiction of the United States and since then they have been suffering ever more rapid transformation under the influences of western civilization.Estimated population of about 10,000 Tlingit in 1740.
5,850 for the year 1835,
In 1861 a reported 8,597 as the result of a census.
The census of 1880 gave 6,763, but the census of 1890 showed only 4,583, not counting the Tlingitized Ugalakmiut.
The census of 1910 returned 4,426; that of 1920, 3,895

I have a bit more of course. I have information on the treaty and ANCSA 1971 (Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act), but this is all information they already have. I feel that I could be doing this for a long time. However, at least a little bit ago I was able to find something that could be a lead to more detailed or apparently obscur information.

It is interesting but...

Too much Alaska
Too much.

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